Colonies+II

  Colonies II [|…] ||
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Triangle Trade

THE 13 COLONIES

New England - Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Middle - New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware Southern - Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

__New England colonies__

Settled for religious freedom Rocky soil, long winters Harvested: fur, fish, whale, trees Because they didn't have fertile soil, they developed manufacturing

__Middle colonies__

Settled for religious reasons and to make money Lots of different ethic groups (English, Germans, Dutch, Scots Irish) known as the "Bread Basket" mild climate rich soil iron, paper, textiles

__Southern colonies__

Settled to make money Settlers brought their families with them Slavery began in 1619 rich soil long growing season mild climate tobacco, agriculture, fish forests

__Backcountry__ - Appalachian Mountains

Settled by Scots-Irish Clanish - only trusted their family members

__Maryland__

1st proprietary colony proprietary - King gave charters of land to rich friends 1634 - 200 colonists arrived

by late 1600's more Protestants than Catholics

1649 - Intolerant Act: granted freedom of worship to all people who believed in J.C.

Power shifted from Catholics to Protestants

Soil & climate ideal for farming

__Maine & New Hampshire__

1622 - area given to English citizens who later became proprietors natural resources: lumber, tar, pitch, resin 1680 changed to a royal colony (1st royal colony in N.A.) - ruled by the king

__Later Colonies__ Civil War in England - 1642 King Charles I executed - Parliament took over Oliver Cromwell - a Puritan who ruled for 11 yrs. No king - no colonies formed 1658 Cromwell died Charles II was appointed King

__The Carolina Grant__

Charles II granted 8 nobles land in America S VA - N FL Northern Carolina settled mostly by people from VA 1693 - rice became important - needed more slaves tobacco became the main crop

Charleston (SC) became an active trading place with other colonies

S..C. Became a royal colony in 1719 broke away from proprietors 1729 N.C. became a royal colony

__New York and New Jersey__

Charles II gave brother the Duke of York the area from S. Connecticut to MA Believing the fighting was useless the Dutch let the English take over. Changed New Amsterdam to New York in honor of the Duke Between the Hudson and Delaware rivers the King gave NJ to two friends

__Pennsylvania__

1681 - 17 yrs. after NY and NJ - the colony of Pa was charted Given to William Penn - Quaker refused to pay taxes Didn't approve of war Quakers - Persecuted for their religion Charles II - owed Penn's father - gave William Penn area W of Delaware River within 8 yrs. Lots of settlers (11,000) with lots of religions (Catholics, Huguenots, Baptists, Calvinists, Lutherans) settled in PA Philadelphia - PA's main city - by 1750 busiest city in English colony

__Delaware__

1682 - Penn got a grant from the Duke of York - wanted outlet to ocean DE governed by the leaders of PA for almost 20 yrs. 1701 - they elected their own representative assembly after 1701 DE & PA, separate, but shared a governor

__Georgia__

last English colony - est. 50 yrs. after PA James Oglethorpe, wanted to create a refuge for people who were in English prisons because they could not pay their debts 1732 - George II granted Oglethorpe a charter for the land between the Savannah River and the FL border colony named Georgia after the king colony grew slowly Some debtors refused to work and ran away People spent much time fighting the Spainards. 1752 - the king took over and GA became a royal colony